外(wai)(wai)泌(mi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)作为(wei)药(yao)物(wu)(wu)载(zai)(zai)(zai)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)由(you)于(yu)特(te)(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)结(jie)构和(he)循(xun)环(huan)方(fang)式(shi)，外(wai)(wai)泌(mi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)作为(wei)药(yao)物(wu)(wu)运输的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)载(zai)(zai)(zai)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)具有(you)(you)独特(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)优势。例如(ru)外(wai)(wai)泌(mi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸分布能(neng)够增强(qiang)渗(shen)透(tou)滞留效应(ying)，从而有(you)(you)选择性(xing)地深入(ru)(ru)(ru)组(zu)(zu)织(zhi)(zhi);其(qi)外(wai)(wai)层(ceng)(ceng)磷(lin)脂(zhi)双(shuang)分子层(ceng)(ceng)可以(yi)保护内容物(wu)(wu)不受各(ge)种(zhong)(zhong)生物(wu)(wu)酶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影响，维(wei)持各(ge)种(zhong)(zhong)生物(wu)(wu)分子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing);外(wai)(wai)泌(mi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)普遍存(cun)在(zai)于(yu)各(ge)种(zhong)(zhong)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)液和(he)组(zu)(zu)织(zhi)(zhi)中，其(qi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)积小(xiao)，结(jie)构、组(zu)(zu)成与(yu)细胞(bao)膜(mo)类似，导致外(wai)(wai)泌(mi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)可以(yi)在(zai)避开免疫系(xi)统监(jian)督的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同时深入(ru)(ru)(ru)组(zu)(zu)织(zhi)(zhi)内部，有(you)(you)较好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生物(wu)(wu)相容性(xing);当采用(yong)(yong)内源外(wai)(wai)泌(mi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)时，能(neng)明显降低其(qi)他药(yao)物(wu)(wu)载(zai)(zai)(zai)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)可能(neng)引(yin)(yin)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)害(hai)免疫反(fan)应(ying);除(chu)此之外(wai)(wai)，某(mou)些(xie)细胞(bao)来源或(huo)经特(te)(te)殊修饰过(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)泌(mi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)具有(you)(you)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)异性(xing)，可以(yi)与(yu)特(te)(te)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)或(huo)组(zu)(zu)织(zhi)(zhi)结(jie)合。因此，载(zai)(zai)(zai)药(yao)成为(wei)外(wai)(wai)泌(mi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)研究的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一个重要(yao)分支，具有(you)(you)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)应(ying)用(yong)(yong)前景。在(zai)外(wai)(wai)泌(mi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中引(yin)(yin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)药(yao)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)包括(kuo)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)内装(zhuang)载(zai)(zai)(zai)和(he)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)装(zhuang)载(zai)(zai)(zai)两种(zhong)(zhong)。体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)内药(yao)物(wu)(wu)装(zhuang)载(zai)(zai)(zai)可以(yi)通(tong)过(guo)(guo)传(chuan)统方(fang)法(fa)(如(ru)病(bing)毒转染、脂(zhi)质(zhi)(zhi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)转染或(huo)电(dian)穿孔等)转染来源细胞(bao)，编码(ma)感兴趣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)RNA或(huo)蛋白质(zhi)(zhi)，也可以(yi)使药(yao)物(wu)(wu)与(yu)来源细胞(bao)共混，使细胞(bao)分泌(mi)产(chan)生含有(you)(you)目标生物(wu)(wu)分子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)泌(mi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)药(yao)物(wu)(wu)装(zhuang)载(zai)(zai)(zai)则首先(xian)需要(yao)得到纯化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)泌(mi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，然后将(jiang)感兴趣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)药(yao)物(wu)(wu)通(tong)过(guo)(guo)电(dian)穿孔或(huo)脂(zhi)质(zhi)(zhi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)转染等方(fang)法(fa)装(zhuang)入(ru)(ru)(ru)纯化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)泌(mi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。外(wai)(wai)泌(mi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)内可装(zhuang)载(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)药(yao)物(wu)(wu)包括(kuo)小(xiao)分子化学药(yao)物(wu)(wu)、蛋白质(zhi)(zhi)和(he)多(duo)肽、核酸(suan)药(yao)物(wu)(wu)、天然产(chan)物(wu)(wu)等。通(tong)过(guo)(guo)不同分组(zu)(zu)之间的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)细胞(bao)对于(yu)划痕区修复能(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同，可以(yi)判断各(ge)组(zu)(zu)细胞(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)迁(qian)移(yi)与(yu)修复能(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差别。云南大鼠(shu)科(ke)研技术服务分离

启医疗，个体化用药贝克曼库尔(er)特(te)细胞专题--助力病毒(du)载体纯(chun)化、细胞特(te)性分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)产品库仪(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)设备(bei)(bei)耗材试(shi)剂抗体技术服务生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)芯(xin)(xin)片芯(xin)(xin)片扫描(miao)仪(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)|芯(xin)(xin)片点(dian)样仪(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)|生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)芯(xin)(xin)片系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)|生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)芯(xin)(xin)片|其(qi)(qi)它(ta)测(ce)读系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)洗板机(ji)(ji)|多功能筛选系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)|大型分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)|化学(xue)发光(guang)(guang)(guang)检(jian)测(ce)仪(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)|分(fen)(fen)光(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)度计|其(qi)(qi)它(ta)|光(guang)(guang)(guang)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)吸收光(guang)(guang)(guang)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)仪(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)|可见光(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)仪(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)|荧(ying)光(guang)(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)仪(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)|红(hong)(hong)外光(guang)(guang)(guang)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)仪(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)|近红(hong)(hong)外光(guang)(guang)(guang)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)仪(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)|LIBS光(guang)(guang)(guang)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)仪(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)|拉曼光(guang)(guang)(guang)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)仪(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)|紫外/可见/近红(hong)(hong)外光(guang)(guang)(guang)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)仪(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)|其(qi)(qi)它(ta)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)实验仪(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)电泳(yong)设备(bei)(bei)|紫外设备(bei)(bei)|普(pu)通PCR仪(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)|定(ding)量PCR仪(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)|数字PCR仪(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)|DNA/有机(ji)(ji)/多肽合成|转基(ji)因仪(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)|其(qi)(qi)它(ta)显(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)倒置显(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)镜(jing)|实体显(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)镜(jing)|生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)显(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)镜(jing)|电子(zi)(zi)显(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)镜(jing)其(qi)(qi)它(ta)显(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)镜(jing)|显(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)操(cao)纵|附件和滤光(guang)(guang)(guang)片|其(qi)(qi)它(ta)色(se)(se)(se)(se)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)液相(xiang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)|制备(bei)(bei)液相(xiang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)|毛(mao)细管LC系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)气相(xiang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)|离子(zi)(zi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)|色(se)(se)(se)(se)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)检(jian)测(ce)器(qi)样品管理(li)(li)工具|色(se)(se)(se)(se)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)附件质(zhi)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)飞行质(zhi)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)|四极杆质(zhi)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)|离子(zi)(zi)阱质(zhi)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)|等(deng)离子(zi)(zi)质(zhi)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)|毛(mao)细管电泳(yong)/质(zhi)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)联用系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)|杂交质(zhi)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)|质(zhi)谱(pu)(pu)(pu)标准品|其(qi)(qi)它(ta)实验室自(zi)动化氨基(ji)酸(suan)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)|蛋(dan)白(bai)纯(chun)化系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)|蛋(dan)白(bai)质(zhi)翻译系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)|全(quan)自(zi)动分(fen)(fen)液系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)|核酸(suan)提取(qu)纯(chun)化全(quan)自(zi)动血液采样系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)|基(ji)因组(zu)(zu)/蛋(dan)白(bai)组(zu)(zu)设备(bei)(bei)DNA测(ce)序仪(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)|全(quan)基(ji)因组(zu)(zu)测(ce)序仪(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)|基(ji)因分(fen)(fen)型系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)|双向电泳(yong)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)|蛋(dan)白(bai)质(zhi)纯(chun)化|蛋(dan)白(bai)质(zhi)斑点(dian)切取(qu)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)(tong)|其(qi)(qi)它(ta)神经生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)学(xue)仪(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)动物(wu)(wu)(wu)功能检(jian)测(ce)设备(bei)(bei)|动物(wu)(wu)(wu)处理(li)(li)设备(bei)(bei)|。海南科研(yan)技术服务构建动物(wu)(wu)(wu)造模(mo) | 脓(nong)毒(du)症造模(mo)方法(fa)之(zhi)CLP造模(mo)法(fa)。

|基(ji)因(yin)(yin)(yin)组(zu)(zu)DNA扩(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)增|RNA扩(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)增|克隆(long)与表(biao)达(da)克隆(long)基(ji)因(yin)(yin)(yin)|克隆(long)试(shi)(shi)(shi)剂(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)盒(he)(he)|克隆(long)筛选|感(gan)受态(tai)细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)|突变转(zhuan)染(ran)|转(zhuan)化(hua)|体(ti)(ti)外转(zhuan)录(lu)/翻译|其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)表(biao)达(da)分(fen)(fen)析Northern印迹分(fen)(fen)析|分(fen)(fen)支(zhi)DNA和(he)mRNA定量|差别(bie)基(ji)因(yin)(yin)(yin)表(biao)达(da)|反义寡核苷酸|RACE试(shi)(shi)(shi)剂(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)盒(he)(he)|SAGE试(shi)(shi)(shi)剂(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)盒(he)(he)|其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)抗(kang)(kang)体(ti)(ti)蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)A,GPLUS|抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)/凋亡抗(kang)(kang)体(ti)(ti)|信号(hao)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)抗(kang)(kang)体(ti)(ti)结(jie)构蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)抗(kang)(kang)体(ti)(ti)|磷酸化(hua)特异(yi)抗(kang)(kang)体(ti)(ti)|融合蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)tag抗(kang)(kang)体(ti)(ti)非哺(bu)乳动物蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)抗(kang)(kang)体(ti)(ti)|细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)周期(qi)蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)抗(kang)(kang)体(ti)(ti)|转(zhuan)录(lu)调节蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)抗(kang)(kang)体(ti)(ti)|抗(kang)(kang)体(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)备佐剂(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)|抗(kang)(kang)体(ti)(ti)片段|抗(kang)(kang)体(ti)(ti)同种(zhong)型(xing)|抗(kang)(kang)体(ti)(ti)纯(chun)化(hua)|抗(kang)(kang)体(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)备试(shi)(shi)(shi)剂(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)盒(he)(he)|其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)第(di)二(er)(er)抗(kang)(kang)体(ti)(ti)westernblot二(er)(er)抗(kang)(kang)|免(mian)疫(yi)组(zu)(zu)化(hua)二(er)(er)抗(kang)(kang)|其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)试(shi)(shi)(shi)剂(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)盒(he)(he)ELISA试(shi)(shi)(shi)剂(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)盒(he)(he)|免(mian)疫(yi)组(zu)(zu)化(hua)试(shi)(shi)(shi)剂(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)盒(he)(he)|放射免(mian)疫(yi)试(shi)(shi)(shi)剂(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)盒(he)(he)|westernblot试(shi)(shi)(shi)剂(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)盒(he)(he)|流(liu)(liu)式(shi)(shi)细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)试(shi)(shi)(shi)剂(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)盒(he)(he)|其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)抗(kang)(kang)体(ti)(ti)相(xiang)关siRNA|重组(zu)(zu)蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)|白(bai)(bai)(bai)蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)|试(shi)(shi)(shi)剂(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)|其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)物学(xue)服务(wu)(wu)(wu)DNA提(ti)取/纯(chun)化(hua)|DNA测(ce)序|第(di)二(er)(er)代高通(tong)量测(ce)序|DNA保存和(he)活化(hua)|基(ji)因(yin)(yin)(yin)合成(cheng)|基(ji)因(yin)(yin)(yin)步行(xing)|基(ji)因(yin)(yin)(yin)组(zu)(zu)分(fen)(fen)析生(sheng)(sheng)物信息学(xue)|SNP检(jian)测(ce)|实(shi)(shi)时定量PCR服务(wu)(wu)(wu)|文库/载体(ti)(ti)构建(jian)|寡核苷酸合成(cheng)Oligo合成(cheng)|实(shi)(shi)时PCROligo合成(cheng)|其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)物学(xue)服务(wu)(wu)(wu)细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)培(pei)养(yang)|流(liu)(liu)式(shi)(shi)细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)检(jian)测(ce)|细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)毒性测(ce)试(shi)(shi)(shi)|细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)因(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)物检(jian)测(ce)|影像服务(wu)(wu)(wu)|筛选/发(fa)育(yu)服务(wu)(wu)(wu)|其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)干细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)技术服务(wu)(wu)(wu)干细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)提(ti)取|干细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)鉴(jian)定|干细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)诱导分(fen)(fen)化(hua)|干细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)常(chang)规检(jian)测(ce)|干细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)扩(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)增|干细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)转(zhuan)基(ji)因(yin)(yin)(yin)|干细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)其(qi)(qi)他相(xiang)关实(shi)(shi)验|微生(sheng)(sheng)物学(xue)服务(wu)(wu)(wu)微生(sheng)(sheng)物鉴(jian)定|抑(yi)菌作用(yong)测(ce)试(shi)(shi)(shi)|内测(ce)试(shi)(shi)(shi)|内。

用伊(yi)红乙(yi)醇(chun)(chun)液(ye)对比染(ran)色1~3min。（4）将(jiang)(jiang)切片(pian)放(fang)入(ru)(ru)(ru)95%乙(yi)醇(chun)(chun)中(zhong)洗去(qu)多余的(de)红色，然后(hou)(hou)放(fang)入(ru)(ru)(ru)无水(shui)乙(yi)醇(chun)(chun)中(zhong)3~5min，吸干后(hou)(hou)将(jiang)(jiang)切片(pian)放(fang)入(ru)(ru)(ru)二甲苯Ⅰ、Ⅱ中(zhong)各3~5min。3、观察在镜下可见(jian)卵巢(chao)呈扁椭圆形，表面为(wei)单层扁平上皮(pi)(pi)细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞或单层立(li)方上皮(pi)(pi)，卵巢(chao)实质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)为(wei)皮(pi)(pi)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)髓质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。可见(jian)上皮(pi)(pi)，原始卵泡(pao)(pao)(pao)和(he)生(sheng)长卵泡(pao)(pao)(pao)。卵巢(chao)组(zu)织(zhi)中(zhong)各发育阶段卵泡(pao)(pao)(pao)及卵巢(chao)基质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)形态结构清(qing)晰可见(jian),细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞核呈蓝(lan)紫色,细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及间质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)分(fen)呈浅红色,卵泡(pao)(pao)(pao)中(zhong)卵母细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞、卵泡(pao)(pao)(pao)细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞、透明带均清(qing)晰可见(jian)。注意事(shi)项1.取材(cai)注意事(shi)项（1）取材(cai)动(dong)作(zuo)要(yao)迅速，不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)(yi)作(zuo)太(tai)(tai)久的(de)拖(tuo)延以免组(zu)织(zhi)细(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞的(de)成(cheng)分(fen)、结构等(deng)发生(sheng)变(bian)化(hua)。（2）切片(pian)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)应根据需(xu)要(yao)观察的(de)部位进行(xing)选(xuan)择，尽可能不(bu)(bu)要(yao)损伤所需(xu)要(yao)的(de)部分(fen)。（3）切取的(de)组(zu)织(zhi)块(kuai)不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)大(da)，以利于固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)剂穿透，通常(chang)以5mmx5mmx2mm或10mmx10mmx2mm为(wei)宜(yi)(yi)。2.固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)注意事(shi)项（1）一(yi)般(ban)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)液(ye)，都以新配为(wei)好(hao)，配好(hao)后(hou)(hou)应贮存在阴凉处，不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)(yi)放(fang)在日光下，以免引(yin)起化(hua)学变(bian)化(hua)，失去(qu)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)作(zuo)用。（2）有些混合(he)(he)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)液(ye)的(de)成(cheng)份(fen)之间会发生(sheng)氧化(hua)还(hai)原作(zuo)用，一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)要(yao)在使用前才(cai)混合(he)(he)，如果混合(he)(he)太(tai)(tai)早(zao)，固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)时就没有作(zuo)用了。（3）固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)时，固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)液(ye)必须充(chong)足，一(yi)般(ban)为(wei)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)块(kuai)的(de)20~30倍，有些水(shui)分(fen)多的(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)，中(zhong)间应更换(huan)1~2次新液(ye)。（4）材(cai)料(liao)(liao)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)完毕后(hou)(hou)。实验干货 | 常(chang)用分(fen)子生(sheng)物学技术(shu)原理.

2）固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)①保持(chi)(chi)其原(yuan)有(you)状(zhuang)态：使细(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)内(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)蛋白(bai)质、脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)、糖、酶等成(cheng)分(fen)转变为不溶(rong)(rong)性(xing)物质，迅速(su)防止(zhi)(zhi)、细(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)死后(hou)变化，防止(zhi)(zhi)自溶(rong)(rong)与，防止(zhi)(zhi)细(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)过(guo)度收缩或(huo)膨胀(zhang)而失去其原(yuan)有(you)形态结(jie)构，使之尽量保持(chi)(chi)生前(qian)的(de)(de)状(zhuang)态和结(jie)构。②以便染(ran)色后(hou)易(yi)于鉴别(bie)和观(guan)察(cha)(cha)：不同成(cheng)分(fen)对染(ran)料有(you)不同的(de)(de)亲和力(li)(li)，以便染(ran)色后(hou)易(yi)于鉴别(bie)和观(guan)察(cha)(cha)。③使块硬化，便于制(zhi)作薄片(pian)(pian)（块在脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)水、包埋(mai)、切片(pian)(pian)、染(ran)色等过(guo)程中(zhong)不易(yi)损(sun)坏）。（3）固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)液(ye)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)液(ye)种(zhong)类(lei)：一类(lei)是单纯固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)液(ye)，即只有(you)一种(zhong)试(shi)(shi)剂；另一类(lei)是混合(he)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)液(ye)，由两种(zhong)或(huo)两种(zhong)以上(shang)试(shi)(shi)剂组(zu)成(cheng)。作为较(jiao)好(hao)的(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)液(ye)，应(ying)(ying)(ying)有(you)下列(lie)特(te)性(xing)，首(shou)先，有(you)强(qiang)渗透力(li)(li)，能(neng)迅速(su)的(de)(de)渗入(ru)内(nei)(nei)部；其次，不使过(guo)度收缩或(huo)膨胀(zhang)，并能(neng)使内(nei)(nei)欲观(guan)察(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)成(cheng)分(fen)得以凝固(gu)(gu)(gu)为不溶(rong)(rong)性(xing)物质；能(neng)使达(da)到一定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)硬度并获得较(jiao)佳的(de)(de)折光(guang)率和对某些染(ran)料具有(you)较(jiao)强(qiang)的(de)(de)亲和力(li)(li)。固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)液(ye)通常使用(yong)10%的(de)(de)甲醛溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)。特(te)殊要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)，常需要(yao)特(te)殊的(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)液(ye)，取(qu)样(yang)(yang)之前(qian)应(ying)(ying)(ying)做好(hao)准备。如眼球(qiu)样(yang)(yang)本应(ying)(ying)(ying)使用(yong)FAS眼球(qiu)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)液(ye)，脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)应(ying)(ying)(ying)使用(yong)脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)液(ye)等。此外，在进行(xing)骨样(yang)(yang)本制(zhi)备的(de)(de)时候(hou)，还应(ying)(ying)(ying)注意提前(qian)进行(xing)脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)钙处理，可根(gen)据(ju)具体情(qing)况选择慢脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)钙或(huo)快脱(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)钙处理。总(zong)的(de)(de)来说，样(yang)(yang)品的(de)(de)采(cai)集是实(shi)验(yan)中(zhong)至(zhi)关重要(yao)的(de)(de)一环(huan)，如果取(qu)样(yang)(yang)环(huan)节出现了偏差(cha)，往(wang)往(wang)会导致后(hou)续检(jian)测结(jie)果的(de)(de)偏移。纯干货Western blot （WB）条(tiao)带灰(hui)度统计与GraphPad作图.宁(ning)夏乳鼠科研技术(shu)服(fu)务实(shi)验(yan)

建立疾(ji)病(bing)模型的目的是为(wei)了防治人类疾(ji)病(bing)。云南大鼠科研技术服(fu)务分离

二(er)甲苯Ⅰ、Ⅱ各(ge)15min至透(tou)明。（2）放(fang)(fang)(fang)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)二(er)甲苯和石(shi)(shi)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)等(deng)量混合(he)液处理15min，再放(fang)(fang)(fang)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)石(shi)(shi)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)Ⅰ、Ⅱ透(tou)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)各(ge)50~60min。透(tou)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)在恒(heng)温(wen)(wen)箱内进行，箱内温(wen)(wen)度(du)保持(chi)在55~60℃左右。4、包埋(mai)（1）用镊子夹(jia)取蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)模(mo)在酒(jiu)精(jing)灯上稍加(jia)热，并倒入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)少许从温(wen)(wen)箱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)取出的(de)(de)纯石(shi)(shi)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)。（2）再将镊子在酒(jiu)精(jing)灯上稍加(jia)热，夹(jia)取材料(liao)(liao)将切(qie)(qie)面朝下放(fang)(fang)(fang)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)模(mo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，排列整齐，再放(fang)(fang)(fang)上包埋(mai)盒，轻轻倒入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)熔(rong)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)。5、切(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)、展片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)、贴片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)（1）将包埋(mai)好的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)块(kuai)固定在切(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)机上，调(diao)整厚度(du)调(diao)节器到(dao)所(suo)需的(de)(de)切(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)厚度(du)，一般为4~6μm。（2）切(qie)(qie)下的(de)(de)组织(zhi)薄片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)要放(fang)(fang)(fang)到(dao)加(jia)热的(de)(de)水中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)烫平，再贴到(dao)载玻片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上，放(fang)(fang)(fang)45℃恒(heng)温(wen)(wen)箱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)烘干(gan)。二(er)、HE染色(se)1、脱(tuo)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)、复水（1）保持(chi)水浴(yu)锅温(wen)(wen)度(du)为60℃，将切(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)干(gan)燥的(de)(de)染色(se)缸内，放(fang)(fang)(fang)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)水浴(yu)锅中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，30min至蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)熔(rong)化。（2）石(shi)(shi)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)切(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)经二(er)甲苯Ⅰ、Ⅱ脱(tuo)蜡(la)(la)(la)(la)(la)各(ge)5min，然(ran)后(hou)放(fang)(fang)(fang)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)100%、95%、90%、80%、70%各(ge)级酒(jiu)精(jing)溶液中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各(ge)3~5min，再放(fang)(fang)(fang)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)蒸馏水中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)3min，以便(bian)染料(liao)(liao)可(ke)以进入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)组织(zhi)。2、染色(se)、脱(tuo)水（1）切(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)苏木精(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)染色(se)约(yue)10~30min，用流(liu)水冲洗约(yue)15min，使(shi)切(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)颜色(se)变(bian)蓝。（2）将切(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)1%盐酸(suan)乙醇(chun)液中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)褪(tun)色(se)，几秒后(hou)见切(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)变(bian)红(hong)、颜色(se)较浅即(ji)可(ke)，后(hou)将切(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)再放(fang)(fang)(fang)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)流(liu)水中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)使(shi)其恢复蓝色(se)。（3）切(qie)(qie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)50%、70%、80%乙醇(chun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各(ge)3~5min。云南(nan)大鼠科研技术服务(wu)分离

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