下面分(fen)别介(jie)绍(shao)利(li)用(yong)(yong)万用(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)判(pan)定GTO电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、检查GTO的(de)(de)触发能力(li)和关(guan)(guan)断能力(li)、估测关(guan)(guan)断增(zeng)益βoff的(de)(de)方(fang)法。判(pan)定GTO的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)将(jiang)万用(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)拨至(zhi)R×1档，测量任意两脚间的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，*当黑表(biao)(biao)笔接(jie)G极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，红(hong)表(biao)(biao)笔接(jie)K极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)时，电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)呈低阻(zu)(zu)值，对其它情况电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值均(jun)为无穷大。由(you)此可迅速判(pan)定G、K极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，剩下的(de)(de)就是A极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。（此处指的(de)(de)模拟表(biao)(biao)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)子式万用(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)红(hong)表(biao)(biao)笔与(yu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池正极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)连(lian)，模拟表(biao)(biao)红(hong)表(biao)(biao)笔与(yu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池负(fu)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)连(lian)）光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（LightTriggeredThyristor——LTT），又称(cheng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)触发晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。国(guo)内(nei)也称(cheng)GK型光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)开关(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，是一种光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)器件。1．光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)结构(gou)通(tong)常晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)有(you)三个电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)：控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G、阳(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A和阴极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K。而光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)由(you)于其控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)信号来自光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)照(zhao)射，没(mei)有(you)必要再引出(chu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，所(suo)以只有(you)两个电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（阳(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A和阴极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K）。但它的(de)(de)结构(gou)与(yu)普通(tong)可控(kong)(kong)(kong)硅一样，是由(you)四层(ceng)PNPN器件构(gou)成。从外形(xing)上(shang)看，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)亦有(you)受光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)窗口(kou)，还有(you)两条管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)脚和壳体(ti)，酷似光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)二(er)(er)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。2．光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)工作原理当在光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)阳(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)加(jia)(jia)上(shang)正向(xiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，阴极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)加(jia)(jia)上(shang)负(fu)向(xiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)时，控(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)可以等效成的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路。可推算出(chu)下式：Ia=Il/[1-（a1+a2）]式中，Il为光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)二(er)(er)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)；Ia为光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)阳(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，即光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)输出(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)；a1、a2分(fen)别为BGl、BG2的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放大系(xi)数。由(you)上(shang)式可知。逆导晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)关(guan)(guan)断时间几(ji)微秒，工作频(pin)率达几(ji)十千(qian)赫，优(you)于快速晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（FSCR）。品质意大利(li)POSEICO晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)模块销售厂家

故晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ia≈Ic0晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)处于正(zheng)向阻(zu)断状(zhuang)(zhuang)态。当(dang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)正(zheng)向阳(yang)(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压下(xia)，从(cong)门(men)极(ji)(ji)G流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)入电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ig，由于足(zu)够(gou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)Ig流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)经NPN管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)发射(she)结(jie)，从(cong)而提(ti)高其电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)放大(da)(da)(da)(da)系(xi)数a2，产生(sheng)足(zu)够(gou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ic2流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)过PNP管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)发射(she)结(jie)，并提(ti)高了PNP管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)放大(da)(da)(da)(da)系(xi)数a1，产生(sheng)更大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ic1流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)经NPN管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)发射(she)结(jie)。这样强(qiang)烈的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)反馈过程迅速(su)进行(xing)。从(cong)图3，当(dang)a1和(he)(he)a2随发射(she)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)增(zeng)加而（a1+a2）≈1时，式（1—1）中的(de)(de)(de)分母1-（a1+a2）≈0，因此(ci)提(ti)高了晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ia.这时，流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)过晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)完全由主回(hui)(hui)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压和(he)(he)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)(lu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)决定。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)已处于正(zheng)向导(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态。式（1—1）中，在(zai)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)导(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)后，1-（a1+a2）≈0，即(ji)使(shi)此(ci)时门(men)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ig=0，晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)仍能保(bao)持(chi)(chi)原(yuan)来的(de)(de)(de)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ia而继续(xu)导(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)导(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)后，门(men)极(ji)(ji)已失去作用。在(zai)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)导(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)后，如果不(bu)断的(de)(de)(de)减(jian)小电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压或增(zeng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)(lu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，使(shi)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ia减(jian)小到维持(chi)(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)IH以下(xia)时，由于a1和(he)(he)a1迅速(su)下(xia)降，当(dang)1-（a1+a2）≈0时，晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)恢(hui)复阻(zu)断状(zhuang)(zhuang)态。特(te)性(xing)特(te)性(xing)曲线晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压与阳(yang)(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)关系(xi)，称(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)伏安特(te)性(xing)，如图所示(shi)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)与阴极(ji)(ji)间(jian)加上正(zheng)向电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压时，在(zai)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控制(zhi)极(ji)(ji)开路(lu)(lu)(Ig=0)情况(kuang)下(xia)，开始元件中有(you)很小的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(称(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)正(zheng)向漏电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu))流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)过。品质意大(da)(da)(da)(da)利POSEICO晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)模(mo)块销(xiao)售厂家(jia)由于这种(zhong)特(te)殊电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)结(jie)构，使(shi)之具有(you)耐高压、耐高温(wen)、关断时间(jian)短、通(tong)(tong)(tong)态电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压低等(deng)优(you)良(liang)性(xing)能。

晶(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)模块(kuai)基(ji)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)途是可(ke)控(kong)整(zheng)流(liu)。二极(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)整(zheng)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)用(yong)晶(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)代替二极(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，就可(ke)以(yi)形(xing)成可(ke)控(kong)整(zheng)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。在(zai)(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)弦交(jiao)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压U2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)半周(zhou)内(nei)，如果vs的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)极(ji)不(bu)输(shu)入(ru)触(chu)(chu)发脉(mai)冲UG，vs仍不(bu)能接(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)。只有(you)(you)当(dang)U2处于正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)半周(zhou)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，当(dang)触(chu)(chu)发脉(mai)冲UG施加到(dao)(dao)(dao)控(kong)制(zhi)极(ji)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，晶(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)才接(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)。现在(zai)(zai)，绘制(zhi)其(qi)波形(xing)(图4(c)和(he)(he)(d))，可(ke)以(yi)看到(dao)(dao)(dao)只有(you)(you)当(dang)触(chu)(chu)发脉(mai)冲UG到(dao)(dao)(dao)达(da)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，负(fu)载(zai)(zai)RL具有(you)(you)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压UL输(shu)出(波形(xing)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阴影)。当(dang)UG到(dao)(dao)(dao)达(da)较(jiao)早时(shi)(shi)(shi)，晶(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)导(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)时(shi)(shi)(shi)间较(jiao)早；UG到(dao)(dao)(dao)达(da)较(jiao)晚时(shi)(shi)(shi)，晶(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)导(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)时(shi)(shi)(shi)间较(jiao)晚。通(tong)(tong)(tong)过(guo)改变(bian)触(chu)(chu)发脉(mai)冲Ug在(zai)(zai)控(kong)制(zhi)极(ji)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)达(da)时(shi)(shi)(shi)间，可(ke)以(yi)调节(jie)负(fu)载(zai)(zai)上(shang)输(shu)出电(dian)(dian)(dian)压的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平均UL(阴影部分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面积(ji))。在(zai)(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)工技术(shu)中(zhong)，交(jiao)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)半周(zhou)常被设定(ding)为180度(du)，称(cheng)为电(dian)(dian)(dian)角(jiao)。因此，在(zai)(zai)U2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)一个正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)半周(zhou)期(qi)中(zhong)，从零值到(dao)(dao)(dao)触(chu)(chu)发脉(mai)冲到(dao)(dao)(dao)达(da)时(shi)(shi)(shi)刻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)角(jiao)称(cheng)为控(kong)制(zhi)角(jiao)α，每(mei)个正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)半周(zhou)期(qi)中(zhong)晶(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)导(dao)(dao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)角(jiao)称(cheng)为导(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)角(jiao)θ。显然，α和(he)(he)θ都用(yong)来表示(shi)晶(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)向电(dian)(dian)(dian)压半周(zhou)内(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)断范(fan)围。通(tong)(tong)(tong)过(guo)改变(bian)控(kong)制(zhi)角(jiao)度(du)0或导(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)角(jiao)theta，可(ke)通(tong)(tong)(tong)过(guo)改变(bian)负(fu)载(zai)(zai)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脉(mai)冲直流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平均ul来实现可(ke)控(kong)整(zheng)流(liu)器。

定(ding)义/晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)编(bian)辑晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)导(dao)通条(tiao)件为(wei)：加正向(xiang)电压(ya)且门极(ji)(ji)有(you)触发电流(liu)(liu)；其(qi)派生器件有(you)：快(kuai)速晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)，双向(xiang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)，逆导(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)，光(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)等。它是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)功率开(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)型(xing)半(ban)导(dao)体器件，在(zai)电路(lu)中用(yong)文字(zi)符号为(wei)“V”、“VT”表(biao)示（旧标准中用(yong)字(zi)母“SCR”表(biao)示）。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)（Thyristor）是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)开(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)元件，能在(zai)高电压(ya)、大(da)(da)电流(liu)(liu)条(tiao)件下(xia)工作，并且其(qi)工作过程可(ke)(ke)以控(kong)(kong)(kong)制、被应用(yong)于可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)整流(liu)(liu)、交流(liu)(liu)调压(ya)、无触点电子开(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)、逆变及变频等电子电路(lu)中，是(shi)(shi)典型(xing)的小电流(liu)(liu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制大(da)(da)电流(liu)(liu)的设备。1957年，美国通用(yong)电器公司开(kai)(kai)发出世界上个晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)产品，并于1958年使其(qi)商(shang)业化(hua)。结(jie)构(gou)/晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)编(bian)辑晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)它是(shi)(shi)由一(yi)(yi)个P-N-P-N四层(4layers)半(ban)导(dao)体构(gou)成(cheng)的，中间形(xing)成(cheng)了三个PN结(jie)。分(fen)类/晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)编(bian)辑晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)按其(qi)关(guan)(guan)断、导(dao)通及控(kong)(kong)(kong)制方式可(ke)(ke)分(fen)为(wei)普通晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)（SCR）、双向(xiang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)（TRIAC）、逆导(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)（RCT）、门极(ji)(ji)关(guan)(guan)断晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)（GTO）、BTG晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)、温控(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)（TT国外(wai)，TTS国内）和光(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)（LTT）等多种(zhong)(zhong)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)按其(qi)引脚和极(ji)(ji)性(xing)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)为(wei)二极(ji)(ji)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)、三极(ji)(ji)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)和四极(ji)(ji)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)按其(qi)封(feng)装形(xing)式可(ke)(ke)分(fen)为(wei)金属封(feng)装晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)、塑封(feng)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)和陶瓷封(feng)装晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)三种(zhong)(zhong)类型(xing)。其(qi)中，金属封(feng)装晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)又(you)分(fen)为(wei)螺(luo)栓形(xing)、平板形(xing)、圆壳形(xing)等多种(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)派生器件有(you)：快(kuai)速晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)，双向(xiang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)，逆导(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)，光(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)等。

图(tu)简(jian)单地给出了晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)开(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)和(he)关(guan)(guan)断(duan)(duan)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)与(yu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)波形。图(tu)中(zhong)开(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)描(miao)述的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)门极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)坐标(biao)原点时刻开(kai)(kai)始受到(dao)(dao)(dao)理想阶(jie)跃触(chu)发电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)触(chu)发的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情况；而关(guan)(guan)断(duan)(duan)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)描(miao)述的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是对已导(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)，在(zai)(zai)外电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)所(suo)施(shi)加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)在(zai)(zai)某一时刻突然由(you)正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)变为(wei)反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情况（如图(tu)中(zhong)点划线(xian)波形）。开(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)开(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)就是载(zai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)子(zi)不断(duan)(duan)扩(kuo)散的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。对于(yu)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)开(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)主要关(guan)(guan)注的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)开(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)时间(jian)t。由(you)于(yu)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)内部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)反(fan)(fan)馈过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)以及(ji)外电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制，晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)受到(dao)(dao)(dao)触(chu)发后，其阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)只能(neng)逐(zhu)渐上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。从门极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)触(chu)发电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)(dao)(dao)额定值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10%开(kai)(kai)始，到(dao)(dao)(dao)阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)(dao)(dao)稳态(tai)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10%（对于(yu)阻性负(fu)载(zai)相当于(yu)阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)降到(dao)(dao)(dao)额定值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)90%），这段时间(jian)称(cheng)为(wei)触(chu)发延迟(chi)时间(jian)t。阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)从10%上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)(dao)(dao)稳态(tai)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)90%所(suo)需要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)时间(jian)（对于(yu)阻性负(fu)载(zai)相当于(yu)阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)由(you)90%降到(dao)(dao)(dao)10%）称(cheng)为(wei)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)时间(jian)t，开(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)时间(jian)t定义(yi)为(wei)两者之和(he)，即t=t+t通(tong)(tong)常晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)开(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)时间(jian)与(yu)触(chu)发脉冲(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)时间(jian)，脉冲(chong)(chong)峰值(zhi)以及(ji)加在(zai)(zai)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)两极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之间(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)有关(guan)(guan)。[1]关(guan)(guan)断(duan)(duan)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)处于(yu)导(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)状态(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)当外加电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)突然由(you)正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)变为(wei)反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)时，由(you)于(yu)外电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)(zai)，其阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai)衰(shuai)(shuai)减时存在(zai)(zai)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)渡(du)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)将逐(zhu)步衰(shuai)(shuai)减到(dao)(dao)(dao)零，并在(zai)(zai)反(fan)(fan)方向(xiang)(xiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)恢复(fu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，经过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)**大值(zhi)I后，再(zai)反(fan)(fan)方向(xiang)(xiang)衰(shuai)(shuai)减。同(tong)时。这类应用(yong)(yong)一般多(duo)应用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力试验设备(bei)上(shang)(shang)，通(tong)(tong)过(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)变压(ya)器(qi)，调整晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)导(dao)(dao)通(tong)(tong)角输(shu)出一个(ge)可调的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)。品质(zhi)意大利(li)POSEICO晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)模块(kuai)销售厂家

普通晶闸管(guan)（SCR）靠门极正信号(hao)触发之后，撤掉信号(hao)亦能维持通态。品质意大利POSEICO晶闸管(guan)模块销售厂家

具有(you)单向(xiang)(xiang)导电(dian)(dian)(dian)特性(xing)，而(er)(er)阳(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A与(yu)门(men)(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)间(jian)有(you)两(liang)个反(fan)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)串联的(de)(de)PN结(jie)(jie)。因此(ci)，通(tong)(tong)过用(yong)万(wan)用(yong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)R×100或R×1kQ档测(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)各(ge)引(yin)(yin)(yin)脚之(zhi)间(jian)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)，即能(neng)确(que)定三(san)个电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。具体方法(fa)是(shi)(shi)：将万(wan)用(yong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)黑(hei)(hei)表(biao)(biao)(biao)笔(bi)(bi)(bi)任(ren)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)某一(yi)(yi)(yi)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，红(hong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)笔(bi)(bi)(bi)依(yi)次(ci)去触(chu)碰另外(wai)两(liang)个电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。若测(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)结(jie)(jie)果有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)几千欧姆(mu)(mu)(kΩ)，而(er)(er)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)几百(bai)欧姆(mu)(mu)(Ω)，则(ze)可判定黑(hei)(hei)表(biao)(biao)(biao)笔(bi)(bi)(bi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)门(men)(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G。在阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)几百(bai)欧姆(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)测(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)，红(hong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)笔(bi)(bi)(bi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)阴(yin)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K，而(er)(er)在阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)几千欧姆(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)那次(ci)测(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)，红(hong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)笔(bi)(bi)(bi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)阳(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A，若两(liang)次(ci)测(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)出(chu)的(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)均很(hen)大(da)，则(ze)说(shuo)明(ming)黑(hei)(hei)表(biao)(biao)(biao)笔(bi)(bi)(bi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)不是(shi)(shi)门(men)(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G，应用(yong)同样方法(fa)改(gai)测(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)其他(ta)电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，直到找出(chu)三(san)个电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)为(wei)(wei)止。也可以(yi)测(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)任(ren)两(liang)脚之(zhi)间(jian)的(de)(de)正(zheng)、反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，若正(zheng)、反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)均接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)近无穷(qiong)大(da)，则(ze)两(liang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)即为(wei)(wei)阳(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A和阴(yin)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K，而(er)(er)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)脚即为(wei)(wei)门(men)(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G。普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)也可以(yi)根据(ju)其封(feng)装(zhuang)形式来(lai)判断出(chu)各(ge)电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。螺(luo)栓形普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)的(de)(de)螺(luo)栓一(yi)(yi)(yi)端为(wei)(wei)阳(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A，较(jiao)细的(de)(de)引(yin)(yin)(yin)线端为(wei)(wei)门(men)(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G，较(jiao)粗的(de)(de)引(yin)(yin)(yin)线端为(wei)(wei)阴(yin)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K。平板(ban)形普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)的(de)(de)引(yin)(yin)(yin)出(chu)线端为(wei)(wei)门(men)(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G，平面端为(wei)(wei)阳(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A，另一(yi)(yi)(yi)端为(wei)(wei)阴(yin)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K。金(jin)属壳封(feng)装(zhuang)(T0—3)的(de)(de)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)，其外(wai)壳为(wei)(wei)阳(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A。塑封(feng)(T0—220)的(de)(de)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)间(jian)引(yin)(yin)(yin)脚为(wei)(wei)阳(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A，且多与(yu)自带散热片(pian)相连。晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)触(chu)发能(neng)力检测(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)：对于(yu)小功率(工作电(dian)(dian)(dian)流为(wei)(wei)5A以(yi)下)的(de)(de)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)，可用(yong)万(wan)用(yong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)R×1档测(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)。品质(zhi)意大(da)利POSEICO晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)模块销(xiao)售厂家

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