上(shang)(shang)(shang)世纪80年(nian)(nian)代以(yi)来发展更为(wei)迅速，顶(ding)管施工(gong)技(ji)术无(wu)论(lun)在(zai)理(li)(li)论(lun)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，还是(shi)(shi)在(zai)施工(gong)工(gong)艺方(fang)面，都有了(le)长足的(de)(de)(de)发展。1984年(nian)(nian)前后，我国(guo)的(de)(de)(de)北京、上(shang)(shang)(shang)海、南京等地先(xian)后开始(shi)引(yin)进(jin)(jin)国(guo)外先(xian)进(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)机(ji)(ji)(ji)械式(shi)(shi)顶(ding)管设备，使我国(guo)的(de)(de)(de)顶(ding)管技(ji)术上(shang)(shang)(shang)了(le)一个新台阶。尤其是(shi)(shi)在(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海市政公司引(yin)进(jin)(jin)了(le)日(ri)本伊势机(ji)(ji)(ji)(ISEKI)公司的(de)(de)(de)800mm直径(jing)的(de)(de)(de)Telemale顶(ding)管掘进(jin)(jin)机(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)后，国(guo)外的(de)(de)(de)顶(ding)管理(li)(li)论(lun)、施工(gong)技(ji)术和管理(li)(li)经验也进(jin)(jin)入中国(guo)，如土压平衡(heng)理(li)(li)论(lun)、泥水(shui)平顶(ding)管的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)种试验和相关(guan)的(de)(de)(de)一些理(li)(li)论(lun)研(yan)究(jiu)。当时，口径(jing)在(zai)2m的(de)(de)(de)钢筋混(hun)凝土管的(de)(de)(de)一次推(tui)进(jin)(jin)距离可达120m，后在(zai)1988和1992年(nian)(nian)研(yan)制成功我国(guo)头一台多刀(dao)盘土压平衡(heng)掘进(jin)(jin)机(ji)(ji)(ji)(DN2720mm)和头一台加泥式(shi)(shi)土压平衡(heng)式(shi)(shi)掘进(jin)(jin)机(ji)(ji)(ji)(DN1440mm)，均取得了(le)较令人(ren)满意的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果。与此同时，对顶(ding)管技(ji)术的(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)论(lun)研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)关(guan)注逐年(nian)(nian)增强(qiang)，并开始(shi)出(chu)现了(le)比较专业的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)术人(ren)员(yuan)，90年(nian)(nian)代后，以(yi)当时的(de)(de)(de)顶(ding)管掘进(jin)(jin)机(ji)(ji)(ji)还不够完善。临时水(shui)准(zhun)点应设置(zhi)在(zai)交通(tong)要道、挖填方(fang)范围以(yi)外。龙岩DN1000水(shui)泥顶(ding)管施工(gong)价格(ge)

安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)、文明施(shi)工(gong)(gong)措施(shi)4.1机械(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)业要严格按文明施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)关规(gui)定(ding)进行(xing)，严禁扰(rao)民(min)影(ying)响市容的(de)(de)(de)(de)现(xian)象(xiang)出现(xian)。4.2严格遵守“建筑工(gong)(gong)地(di)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生产(chan)六大纪律(lv)”，进入人(ren)员一(yi)律(lv)戴好(hao)(hao)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帽(mao)。4.3车辆进出听从现(xian)场指(zhi)挥，粘土必(bi)须清洁后方可外运(yun)确保市容整(zheng)洁。4.4顶管施(shi)工(gong)(gong)前，做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)各(ge)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序的(de)(de)(de)(de)危险(xian)(xian)源辨(bian)识工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，根据危险(xian)(xian)辨(bian)识结(jie)果(guo)制(zhi)定(ding)相应的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)防范措施(shi)并向施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)员进行(xing)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)交(jiao)底。4.5建立健(jian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)生产(chan)岗位责(ze)任制(zhi)，在(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)之前要逐级的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)部分(fen)项的(de)(de)(de)(de)、有(you)针对性(xing)进行(xing)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技(ji)术(shu)交(jiao)底，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)队(dui)每天作(zuo)(zuo)业前都要进行(xing)班前教育，并做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)记录。4.6各(ge)种(zhong)工(gong)(gong)序要按照(zhao)各(ge)项操作(zuo)(zuo)规(gui)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，严禁违(wei)章(zhang)指(zhi)挥、违(wei)章(zhang)操作(zuo)(zuo)。4.7编制(zhi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)现(xian)场临时用(yong)电专项方案，各(ge)种(zhong)电器(qi)设备要做(zuo)到一(yi)机、一(yi)闸、一(yi)箱(xiang)、一(yi)漏(lou)保。泉州DN2800水泥顶管施(shi)工(gong)(gong)电话各(ge)种(zhong)工(gong)(gong)序要按照(zhao)各(ge)项操作(zuo)(zuo)规(gui)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，严禁违(wei)章(zhang)指(zhi)挥、违(wei)章(zhang)操作(zuo)(zuo)。

顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)法是先在工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)井内设(she)置(zhi)支座和安装(zhuang)主千(qian)(qian)斤顶(ding)，所需铺(pu)设(she)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)紧(jin)跟在工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)后(hou)，在主千(qian)(qian)斤顶(ding)推(tui)力的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)下工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)向(xiang)土(tu)层(ceng)内掘进，掘出的(de)(de)泥(ni)土(tu)由土(tu)泵(beng)或螺(luo)旋输送机(ji)排(pai)出或以(yi)泥(ni)浆的(de)(de)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)通过泥(ni)浆泵(beng)经(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)排(pai)出.，推(tui)进一节(jie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)后(hou)，主千(qian)(qian)斤顶(ding)缩回，吊装(zhuang)上(shang)另一节(jie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)，继续(xu)顶(ding)进。如(ru)此往复，直(zhi)至(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)铺(pu)设(she)完(wan)毕。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)铺(pu)设(she)完(wan)毕后(hou)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)从接收井吊至(zhi)地面。目前，顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)常采用(yong)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)法分为敞开人工(gong)(gong)(gong)手掘式(shi)(shi)(shi)（开放型）和密封(feng)机(ji)械式(shi)(shi)(shi)顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（密封(feng)型）施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方法，其中(zhong)机(ji)械式(shi)(shi)(shi)顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)常用(yong)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方法又有泥(ni)水平衡式(shi)(shi)(shi)和土(tu)压平衡式(shi)(shi)(shi)两种(zhong)，顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)常用(yong)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材有砼(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、钢(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、玻璃(li)夹(jia)砂钢(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)所采用(yong)的(de)(de)主要设(she)备为信息化及全自动化泥(ni)水平衡顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)机(ji)。

在(zai)顶进过程中不(bu)(bu)断注(zhu)浆，由于施工扰动，管道(dao)上方的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)体沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)比(bi)较(jiao)为严重，可(ke)达到(dao)10mm，成(cheng)放射状向上扩展，并(bing)且沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)量在(zai)不(bu)(bu)断缩小(xiao)；管道(dao)下(xia)方土(tu)(tu)体有拱起，比(bi)较(jiao)大拱起量可(ke)达到(dao)9mm。不(bu)(bu)同温度(du)下(xia)处(chu)理(li)3d玉(yu)(yu)米种(zhong)子的(de)(de)4d平(ping)均发(fa)芽(ya)率见(jian)图(tu)(tu)1，玉(yu)(yu)米种(zhong)子在(zai)不(bu)(bu)同温度(du)下(xia)处(chu)理(li)3d的(de)(de)7d平(ping)均发(fa)芽(ya)率见(jian)图(tu)(tu)2。在(zai)开挖计算初期，地表(biao)的(de)(de)监测(ce)点沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)位移变(bian)化速率很(hen)快，随着触变(bian)泥(ni)浆的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，位移沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)量变(bian)化速率减慢，逐渐(jian)趋于稳定值。在(zai)施工完成(cheng)后，触变(bian)泥(ni)浆固(gu)化，随之对上方土(tu)(tu)体起到(dao)很(hen)大的(de)(de)支撑(cheng)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，土(tu)(tu)体沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)有一定的(de)(de)恢复，且越接(jie)近地表(biao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)越小(xiao)。管道(dao)正上方的(de)(de)地表(biao)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)比(bi)较(jiao)大，监测(ce)点按2m间距(ju)布(bu)置，在(zai)距(ju)离管中线(xian)12m处(chu)地表(biao)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)为0.03mm，几乎没有位移沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)；在(zai)距(ju)管中线(xian)12m范围内(nei)施工会引起地表(biao)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)，在(zai)此范围内(nei)应(ying)该加强地表(biao)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)的(de)(de)现(xian)场监测(ce)。各分项(xiang)工程施工前，应(ying)由项(xiang)目技术负责(ze)人向参(can)加该项(xiang)目的(de)(de)全体施工人员(yuan)进行技术交底。

顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就是(shi)非开挖(wa)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方法(fa)，是(shi)一种不开挖(wa)或者(zhe)少开挖(wa)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)埋设(she)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技术(shu)。顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)法(fa)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就是(shi)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作坑内(nei)借助于顶(ding)进设(she)备(bei)产生的(de)顶(ding)力(li)，克服管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)与周围土壤(rang)的(de)摩擦力(li)，将管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)按设(she)计的(de)坡度顶(ding)入(ru)(ru)土中(zhong)(zhong)，并将土方运走。一节管(guan)(guan)(guan)子完成顶(ding)入(ru)(ru)土层之后，再下第(di)二节管(guan)(guan)(guan)子继(ji)续(xu)顶(ding)进。其原理是(shi)借助于主顶(ding)油缸及管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)间(jian)、中(zhong)(zhong)继(ji)间(jian)等推力(li)，把(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具管(guan)(guan)(guan)或掘进机从(cong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作坑内(nei)穿过土层一直推进到接收坑内(nei)吊起。管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)紧随工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具管(guan)(guan)(guan)或掘进机后，埋设(she)在(zai)两坑之间(jian)。非开挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程技术(shu)彻(che)底解决了管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)埋设(she)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)对(dui)城(cheng)市(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)物的(de)破坏(huai)和道(dao)路交通的(de)堵塞等难题，在(zai)稳定(ding)土层和环境(jing)保(bao)(bao)护方面凸显其优势。这对(dui)交通繁忙(mang)、人口密集(ji)、地面建(jian)筑(zhu)物众(zhong)多、地下管(guan)(guan)(guan)线复杂的(de)城(cheng)市(shi)是(shi)非常(chang)重(zhong)要的(de)，它将为(wei)城(cheng)市(shi)创(chuang)造一个洁净、舒适和美好(hao)的(de)环境(jing)。根据当前实际情况(kuang)，快速掌(zhang)握(wo)材料(liao)质量(liang)、价格、供货能力(li)的(de)信息、选择好(hao)的(de)供货厂(chang)家，从(cong)而确保(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程质量(liang)。同(tong)安区DN1600非开挖(wa)顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)招标

原材料及(ji)成品、半成品的质量必须合格(ge)(ge)，严格(ge)(ge)按(an)国家规(gui)范和验(yan)收标准进行检验(yan)。龙岩DN1000水泥顶管施工价格(ge)(ge)

数值(zhi)模(mo)拟(ni)(ni)计(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)模(mo)型(xing)本项(xiang)目共(gong)设(she)(she)有7处(chu)顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)总长540m，各(ge)处(chu)顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)长度(du)(du)以及管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道上比(bi)较大覆土(tu)(tu)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)见(jian)表(biao)(biao)1。表(biao)(biao)1顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)长度(du)(du)及覆盖(gai)土(tu)(tu)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)统计(ji)(ji)表(biao)(biao)序号(hao)顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)长度(du)(du)/m覆土(tu)(tu)厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)/m1725.72685.33565.64725.15685.461645.87405.7图2三维数值(zhi)计(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)模(mo)型(xing)选取(qu)比(bi)较长一段顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)施工距(ju)离，建立(li)数值(zhi)模(mo)拟(ni)(ni)的(de)物理模(mo)型(xing)，即顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)为(wei)(wei)164m，上覆土(tu)(tu)层(ceng)5.79m，顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道与上覆土(tu)(tu)层(ceng)之间的(de)间隙(xi)按(an)20mm计(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道内径为(wei)(wei)3m，壁厚(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei)0.3m，单(dan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)节(jie)长度(du)(du)为(wei)(wei)4m。模(mo)型(xing)尺(chi)寸X*Y*Z为(wei)(wei)164*24*18m，浅蓝色表(biao)(biao)示管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道与土(tu)(tu)体之间的(de)间隙(xi)、绿色表(biao)(biao)示管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁厚(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)、红色表(biao)(biao)示管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)体中的(de)土(tu)(tu)体、浅绿色表(biao)(biao)示管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道周围的(de)土(tu)(tu)体。模(mo)型(xing)包含56437个节(jie)点(dian)，324071个单(dan)元。在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道中心上方地(di)表(biao)(biao)设(she)(she)置监测(ce)点(dian)，两侧间隔(ge)2m分别设(she)(she)置15个监测(ce)点(dian)，在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道上方到(dao)地(di)表(biao)(biao)设(she)(she)置5个监测(ce)点(dian)。龙岩DN1000水(shui)泥(ni)顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)施工价(jia)格(ge)

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