t5时刻起铁(tie)芯C1工作点进入负(fu)(fu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饱和区C,此时激磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感(gan)抗ZL迅(xun)速(su)变小，因(yin)此t5～t6期(qi)间，激磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流iex迅(xun)速(su)反(fan)(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)增(zeng)大，当激磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流iex达到反(fan)(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流-I-m=ρVOH/RS时，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)环(huan)路(lu)增(zeng)益|ρAv|>>1满足振荡电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)起振条件，方(fang)波激磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)发(fa)生反(fan)(fan)(fan)转，输出(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)由反(fan)(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)峰(feng)值电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)VOL变为(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)峰(feng)值电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)VOH。即t6时刻，VO=VOH。t6时刻起铁(tie)芯C1工作点由负(fu)(fu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饱和区C开(kai)始向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)线(xian)性(xing)区A移(yi)动，在(zai)t6～t7期(qi)间，铁(tie)芯C1仍工作于负(fu)(fu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饱和区C，激磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感(gan)抗ZL变小，而输出(chu)方(fang)波电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)变为(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)此时加(jia)在(zai)非线(xian)性(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)L上反(fan)(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)端电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)V-=-ρVOH，产生的充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流为(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，与激磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流iex方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)，12因(yin)此非线(xian)性(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)L开(kai)始正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，激磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流开(kai)始正(zheng)(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)迅(xun)速(su)增(zeng)大，于t7时刻激磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流iex增(zeng)大至反(fan)(fan)(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)激磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流阈值I-th。在(zai)科学研(yan)究领域(yu)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流测量(liang)对(dui)于探索(suo)物质(zhi)的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子行为(wei)、研(yan)究化(hua)学反(fan)(fan)(fan)应(ying)和生物过程等方(fang)面具有重要意义。青岛计量(liang)级电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流传感(gan)器(qi)联(lian)系(xi)方(fang)式

基(ji)于自激振(zhen)荡磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)门(men)技术和传(chuan)(chuan)统电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)比较仪结(jie)构(gou)，通(tong)(tong)过改 进铁(tie)(tie)芯(xin)结(jie)构(gou)及(ji)信号解调电(dian)(dian)(dian)路， 构(gou)建了闭环零(ling)磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)交直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)测量(liang)方案(an)，研制了新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)交直(zhi) 流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)传(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)样机(ji)。样机(ji)总(zong)体包括(kuo)两个(ge)(ge)铁(tie)(tie)芯(xin)三(san)个(ge)(ge)绕组， 其中改进结(jie)构(gou)的自激振(zhen)荡磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)门(men) 传(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)作为(wei)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)交直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)传(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)的零(ling)磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)检测器(qi)， 检测一(yi)(yi)二次电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)磁(ci)(ci)势之(zhi)差，构(gou)成(cheng)了 新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)交直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)传(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)的电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)检测模块(kuai)，除(chu)此之(zhi)外还包括(kuo)信号处理模块(kuai)， 误差控制模块(kuai) 及(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)反馈模块(kuai)。环形铁(tie)(tie)芯(xin) C1 及(ji) C2 为(wei)传(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)磁(ci)(ci)性器(qi)件，两者磁(ci)(ci)性材料参数一(yi)(yi) 致， 几何尺寸完全一(yi)(yi)致， 均选取高磁(ci)(ci)导率、低矫(jiao)顽力(li)、高磁(ci)(ci)饱和感(gan)(gan)(gan)应强度的非线性铁(tie)(tie)磁(ci)(ci) 材料。无(wu)锡芯(xin)片式电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)传(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)现货(huo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)的变化：霍(huo)尔电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)传(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)的内部电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)可能会受到温度、湿度、机(ji)械应力(li)和时间(jian)等因素的影(ying)响(xiang)而(er)发生变化。

零磁(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)交直流检(jian)测器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)信号(hao)(hao)处理电(dian)路(lu)主要(yao)(yao)包括低通(tong)(tong)(tong)滤(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)LPF及(ji)高通(tong)(tong)(tong)滤(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)HPF以(yi)及(ji)环(huan)(huan)形(xing)(xing)铁(tie)芯C2及(ji)反相(xiang)(xiang)放(fang)大(da)器(qi)(qi)U2及(ji)采(cai)样(yang)(yang)(yang)电(dian)阻(zu)RS2的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)关设计。保证环(huan)(huan)形(xing)(xing)铁(tie)芯C1与(yu)环(huan)(huan)形(xing)(xing)铁(tie)芯C2的(de)(de)对称性(xing)以(yi)及(ji)激磁(ci)电(dian)流iex1与(yu)激磁(ci)电(dian)流iex2的(de)(de)对称性(xing)是系统达到零磁(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)闭环(huan)(huan)测量的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)条件，因此环(huan)(huan)形(xing)(xing)铁(tie)芯C2与(yu)环(huan)(huan)形(xing)(xing)铁(tie)芯C1磁(ci)性(xing)参(can)数(shu)及(ji)几何参(can)数(shu)完(wan)全(quan)相(xiang)(xiang)同，其上绕(rao)制激磁(ci)绕(rao)组W2匝数(shu)N2=N1。采(cai)样(yang)(yang)(yang)电(dian)阻(zu)RS2选取(qu)与(yu)采(cai)样(yang)(yang)(yang)电(dian)阻(zu)RS1同阻(zu)值(zhi)、同型(xing)号(hao)(hao)电(dian)阻(zu)。反相(xiang)(xiang)放(fang)大(da)器(qi)(qi)U2选择与(yu)比较放(fang)大(da)器(qi)(qi)U1相(xiang)(xiang)同型(xing)号(hao)(hao)规(gui)格的(de)(de)运(yun)算放(fang)大(da)器(qi)(qi)，但在电(dian)路(lu)上构成单位比例反相(xiang)(xiang)放(fang)大(da)器(qi)(qi)，其输(shu)出端串接激磁(ci)绕(rao)组W2及(ji)采(cai)样(yang)(yang)(yang)电(dian)阻(zu)RS2。低通(tong)(tong)(tong)滤(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)LPF及(ji)高通(tong)(tong)(tong)滤(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)HPF的(de)(de)实现方(fang)法很(hen)多。常见的(de)(de)滤(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)包括无源RC滤(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)及(ji)有(you)源RC滤(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)。有(you)源滤(lv)(lv)波(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)外部(bu)电(dian)源供电(dian)及(ji)运(yun)算放(fang)大(da)器(qi)(qi)，增加了电(dian)路(lu)成本(ben)及(ji)功(gong)耗。

磁(ci)场(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)测量(liang)(liang)按照(zhao)被(bei)检测磁(ci)场(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)强(qiang)(qiang)弱(ruo)可(ke)以分为(wei)弱(ruo)磁(ci)场(chang)(chang)(chang)、强(qiang)(qiang)磁(ci)场(chang)(chang)(chang)和甚强(qiang)(qiang)磁(ci)场(chang)(chang)(chang)，每(mei)(mei)一(yi)种强(qiang)(qiang)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)场(chang)(chang)(chang)测量(liang)(liang)方法和手段都所有(you)不同，而(er)弱(ruo)磁(ci)场(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)测量(liang)(liang)水(shui)平往(wang)往(wang)表(biao)示(shi)着(zhe)(zhe)磁(ci)场(chang)(chang)(chang)测量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究水(shui)平。弱(ruo)磁(ci)场(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)测量(liang)(liang)在(zai)人们生(sheng)活中(zhong)也(ye)越(yue)来(lai)(lai)越(yue)重(zhong)要(yao)，在(zai)医院、在(zai)实验室、在(zai)空间飞船等领域越(yue)来(lai)(lai)越(yue)受关注，弱(ruo)磁(ci)场(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)测量(liang)(liang)水(shui)平对(dui)国(guo)(guo)家安防建设(she)、国(guo)(guo)家发(fa)(fa)(fa)展有(you)着(zhe)(zhe)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意义。随着(zhe)(zhe)科技的(de)(de)(de)(de)发(fa)(fa)(fa)展测量(liang)(liang)技术不断进步，向(xiang)着(zhe)(zhe)高精度(du)、高灵敏度(du)、小型化发(fa)(fa)(fa)展。磁(ci)场(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精确测量(liang)(liang)越(yue)来(lai)(lai)越(yue)重(zhong)要(yao)，所涉及的(de)(de)(de)(de)领域也(ye)越(yue)来(lai)(lai)越(yue)广(guang)，很多适应(ying)需(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)高灵敏度(du)磁(ci)传感器相继(ji)问(wen)世(shi)。激(ji)磁(ci)电压频率大于一(yi)次交流(liu)(liu)频率，因此可(ke)以将(jiang)一(yi)次交流(liu)(liu)在(zai)每(mei)(mei)个极(ji)短的(de)(de)(de)(de)激(ji)磁(ci)电压周期内(nei)，看作(zuo)缓慢变化的(de)(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)信号。

假(jia)(jia)(jia)设(she)(she)1：Im<<IC，Ith<<IC，βIp<<IC，对ln函数进(jin)行化简(jian)(jian)(jian)，简(jian)(jian)(jian)化了(le)TP与TN表达式。假(jia)(jia)(jia)设(she)(she)2：在(zai)线(xian)(xian)性区A激(ji)磁(ci)(ci)电(dian)感L远大于饱(bao)和(he)区B、C激(ji)磁(ci)(ci)电(dian)感l，因此τ2>>τ1，略去(qu)了(le)τ1项时间，得到简(jian)(jian)(jian)化的激(ji)磁(ci)(ci)电(dian)压周期公式。假(jia)(jia)(jia)设(she)(she)3：βIp<<IC，略去(qu)了(le)βIp项，终(zhong)得到简(jian)(jian)(jian)化的线(xian)(xian)性模型。为(wei)了(le)达到理(li)想的激(ji)磁(ci)(ci)电(dian)流(liu)(liu)平均值与一次电(dian)流(liu)(liu)之间的线(xian)(xian)性关系，三条假(jia)(jia)(jia)设(she)(she)需要完(wan)全(quan)满(man)(man)足。因此为(wei)了(le)更好(hao)地满(man)(man)足这些假(jia)(jia)(jia)设(she)(she)条件以(yi)提(ti)高(gao)自激(ji)振荡(dang)磁(ci)(ci)通门(men)电(dian)路的线(xian)(xian)性度可以(yi)采(cai)取(qu)的措施有：（a）选取(qu)高(gao)磁(ci)(ci)导率(lv)μr，低矫顽力(li)Hc，高(gao)磁(ci)(ci)饱(bao)和(he)强(qiang)度BS的磁(ci)(ci)芯(xin)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)作为(wei)铁(tie)(tie)芯(xin)，以(yi)保证铁(tie)(tie)芯(xin)C1磁(ci)(ci)化曲线(xian)(xian)的高(gao)度非线(xian)(xian)性，以(yi)满(man)(man)足假(jia)(jia)(jia)设(she)(she)2。磁(ci)(ci)滞(zhi)是铁(tie)(tie)磁(ci)(ci)性材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的一种固(gu)有特性，它使得这些材(cai)(cai)料(liao)在(zai)磁(ci)(ci)化过程中表现(xian)(xian)出滞(zhi)后现(xian)(xian)象。福州计量级(ji)电(dian)流(liu)(liu)传感器单价

激磁电流(liu)出现直流(liu)分量及(ji)偶次谐波这一特征(zheng)，研制出基(ji)于单铁芯电压型磁调制式(shi)交(jiao)直流(liu)电流(liu)传感器。青(qing)岛计(ji)量级电流(liu)传感器联系方式(shi)

磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)门(men)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一种根据(ju)电(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感(gan)(gan)(gan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)现象(xiang)加以改造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)变压器(qi)(qi)(qi)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件，只是(shi)(shi)(shi)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)变压器(qi)(qi)(qi)效应(ying)(ying)(ying)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)于对(dui)(dui)外界被(bei)测(ce)(ce)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)场(chang)(chang)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)调(diao)制(zhi)。它的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本原理(li)可(ke)以由法拉第电(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感(gan)(gan)(gan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)定(ding)律进(jin)(jin)行(xing)解释。磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)门(men)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)采用(yong)某些高导磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)率，低矫顽力的(de)(de)(de)(de)软磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)材料(liao)（例如坡(po)莫(mo)合金(jin)）作(zuo)为(wei)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)上缠绕有(you)激(ji)励(li)(li)线圈和(he)感(gan)(gan)(gan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)线圈。在(zai)激(ji)励(li)(li)线圈中通(tong)(tong)入交变电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，则在(zai)其产(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)激(ji)励(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)场(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)，感(gan)(gan)(gan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)线圈中产(chan)生(sheng)由外界环境(jing)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)场(chang)(chang)调(diao)制(zhi)而成的(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)(gan)(gan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)电(dian)(dian)势。该电(dian)(dian)势包含了(le)(le)激(ji)励(li)(li)信(xin)号(hao)(hao)频率的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)个(ge)偶次谐波分量，通(tong)(tong)过后(hou)续的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)种传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)信(xin)号(hao)(hao)处理(li)电(dian)(dian)路，利用(yong)谐波法对(dui)(dui)感(gan)(gan)(gan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)电(dian)(dian)势进(jin)(jin)行(xing)检测(ce)(ce)处理(li)，使得(de)该电(dian)(dian)势与外界被(bei)测(ce)(ce)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)场(chang)(chang)成正比。又因为(wei)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)门(men)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)只有(you)工(gong)作(zuo)在(zai)饱和(he)状态下(xia)才能获(huo)得(de)较大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)号(hao)(hao)，所(suo)以该传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)又称(cheng)为(wei)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)饱和(he)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。与磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)门(men)相关的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)术(shu)问世(shi)(shi)于20世(shi)(shi)纪30年代(dai)初期(qi)，首先(xian)在(zai)1931年，Thomas申请了(le)(le)关于磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)门(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一项知识产(chan)权，接着，有(you)关科学家们(men)根据(ju)与磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)现象(xiang)相关的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)种大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)实(shi)(shi)验(yan)，总结并(bing)提出磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)门(men)技(ji)术(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)原理(li)，且当时(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)实(shi)(shi)验(yan)精度达到了(le)(le)纳特(te)（nT）级(ji)别。随后(hou)各(ge)(ge)国的(de)(de)(de)(de)科学家们(men)对(dui)(dui)与磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)门(men)相关的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)术(shu)做(zuo)了(le)(le)进(jin)(jin)一步的(de)(de)(de)(de)实(shi)(shi)验(yan)和(he)探讨研究，从(cong)而证实(shi)(shi)了(le)(le)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)门(men)技(ji)术(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)实(shi)(shi)用(yong)性和(he)可(ke)发展(zhan)性，在(zai)随后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)几十(shi)年里(li)，利用(yong)该技(ji)术(shu)制(zhi)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)种仪器(qi)(qi)(qi)得(de)到了(le)(le)不(bu)断的(de)(de)(de)(de)改进(jin)(jin)和(he)完善。青岛计量级(ji)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)联系方式

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