供(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)概念：1-企业(ye)通过对产(chan)(chan)品(pin)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、信(xin)息(xi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、物流(liu)(liu)(liu)和资金(jin)(jin)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2-从(cong)采(cai)购(gou)(gou)原材料开始，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成中(zhong)间产(chan)(chan)品(pin)及(ji)(ji)终(zhong)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)，由销(xiao)售网(wang)(wang)络(luo)把(ba)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)送(song)到(dao)(dao)消费者(zhe)手中(zhong)。3-它将供(gong)(gong)应(ying)商(shang)(shang)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)商(shang)(shang)、分(fen)销(xiao)商(shang)(shang)、零(ling)售商(shang)(shang)，直(zhi)到(dao)(dao)终(zhong)端消费者(zhe)，连成一个整体(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)网(wang)(wang)链(lian)(lian)。4-是(shi)对从(cong)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)商(shang)(shang)到(dao)(dao)客(ke)户的(de)(de)(de)(de)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、信(xin)息(xi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、资金(jin)(jin)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和物流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)成管(guan)(guan)理(li)，以达到(dao)(dao)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)价值的(de)(de)(de)(de)大化。一条完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)应(ying)包括：供(gong)(gong)应(ying)商(shang)(shang)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)商(shang)(shang)、分(fen)销(xiao)商(shang)(shang)、零(ling)售商(shang)(shang)，以及(ji)(ji)消费者(zhe)。从(cong)比较正式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)角度(du)看，作为物流(liu)(liu)(liu)、商(shang)(shang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、信(xin)息(xi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、资金(jin)(jin)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)关(guan)键控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，供(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)贯穿现代企业(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每一个环节。从(cong)采(cai)购(gou)(gou)原材料开始、到(dao)(dao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成中(zhong)间产(chan)(chan)品(pin)、部署(shu)销(xiao)售网(wang)(wang)络(luo)、以及(ji)(ji)把(ba)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)送(song)到(dao)(dao)消费者(zhe)手中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)整个流(liu)(liu)(liu)程，同时构(gou)造(zao)出供(gong)(gong)应(ying)商(shang)(shang)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)商(shang)(shang)、分(fen)销(xiao)商(shang)(shang)、零(ling)售商(shang)(shang)直(zhi)到(dao)(dao)终(zhong)用户的(de)(de)(de)(de)整体(ti)功(gong)能(neng)网(wang)(wang)链(lian)(lian)结构(gou)。供(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)需要进行品(pin)质(zhi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)，以保证产(chan)(chan)品(pin)质(zhi)量和客(ke)户满(man)意度(du)。广(guang)州农产(chan)(chan)品(pin)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)模式(shi)有哪些

供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)概(gai)念是从扩(kuo)大生(sheng)产概(gai)念发(fa)展来(lai)的(de)(de)(de)，它将(jiang)企业的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)产活动进行了(le)前伸(shen)和后延(yan)。日本丰田(tian)公司的(de)(de)(de)精益协(xie)作方式中(zhong)(zhong)就将(jiang)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)活动视(shi)为生(sheng)产活动的(de)(de)(de)有机组成(cheng)部分(fen)而加以(yi)控制和协(xie)调。哈理森(sen)（Harrison）将(jiang)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)定义为：“供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)是执(zhi)行采购原材料，将(jiang)它们转换为中(zhong)(zhong)间(jian)产品和成(cheng)品，并且将(jiang)成(cheng)品销(xiao)售到用户的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)网(wang)链(lian)(lian)(lian)。”美(mei)国的(de)(de)(de)史蒂文斯(si)（Stevens）认为：“通(tong)过增值过程和分(fen)销(xiao)渠道控制从供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)商(shang)到用户的(de)(de)(de)流就是供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)，它开始于供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)源点，结束于消费的(de)(de)(de)终点。”因此，供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)就是通(tong)过计(ji)划（Plan）、获得（Obtain）、存储（Store）、分(fen)销(xiao)（Distribute）、服务(wu)（Serve）等这样一(yi)些活动而在(zai)顾客和供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)商(shang)之间(jian)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)种(zhong)衔(xian)接(jie)（Interface），从而使(shi)企业能(neng)(neng)满足内外部顾客的(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)。江门(men)生(sheng)鲜供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)管理供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)管理需要不(bu)断创新和改进，以(yi)适(shi)应(ying)(ying)市场变化和客户需求(qiu)。

供(gong)应(ying)链管理是围绕把供(gong)应(ying)商(shang)、制造商(shang)、仓库(ku)、配送中心和(he)渠道(dao)商(shang)有机(ji)结合成一体(ti)这(zhei)个问题来展开(kai)的，因此(ci)它包(bao)括企(qi)业许(xu)多层(ceng)次(ci)上的活动，包(bao)括战略层(ceng)次(ci)、战术层(ceng)次(ci)和(he)作(zuo)(zuo)业层(ceng)次(ci)等(deng)。1、对制造商(shang)，成本降(jiang)低(di)、实(shi)现数量上的折扣和(he)稳定的价格、提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)产品质量又(you)降(jiang)低(di)库(ku)存水平、改(gai)善(shan)时间管理、缩短(duan)交货(huo)提(ti)(ti)前(qian)期(qi)和(he)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)可靠性。2、对供(gong)应(ying)商(shang)，保证有稳定的市场需求(qiu)、对用(yong)户(hu)需求(qiu)更(geng)好(hao)地(di)理解、提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)运作(zuo)(zuo)质量、提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)零部件生产质量、降(jiang)低(di)生产成本、提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)对买主交货(huo)期(qi)改(gai)变(bian)的反应(ying)速度。3、对于双方，可以有效地(di)减少成员之间的重复下作(zuo)(zuo)，易时除(chu)流程的多余步(bu)骤，使供(gong)应(ying)链流程低(di)成本、高(gao)(gao)效化。

供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)上下游(you)企业为了(le)谋求各自收(shou)益大化(hua)，在单独决策的(de)过程中(zhong)确定(ding)的(de)产品价格高(gao)于(yu)其生(sheng)产边(bian)际成本的(de)现象。如果(guo)(guo)下游(you)企业的(de)定(ding)价过高(gao)，必然会造成市场需求的(de)萎缩，导致(zhi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)总体收(shou)益下降。原(yuan)(yuan)因：企业个体利(li)益大化(hua)的(de)目标和(he)整体利(li)益大化(hua)的(de)目标不(bu)一致(zhi)。没有体现供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)共担(dan)风险的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)则。影(ying)响(xiang)：如果(guo)(guo)不(bu)能很好(hao)解决，供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)管理(li)的(de)绩效(xiao)水平会大打(da)折(zhe)扣，进而影(ying)响(xiang)人们实(shi)施供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)管理(li)的(de)信心。方(fang)法(fa)：供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)契(qi)(qi)约（回(hui)购契(qi)(qi)约、收(shou)入共享契(qi)(qi)约、数(shu)量折(zhe)扣契(qi)(qi)约、小购买数(shu)量契(qi)(qi)约、数(shu)量柔性(xing)契(qi)(qi)约；质(zhi)量担(dan)保契(qi)(qi)约）供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)契(qi)(qi)约的(de)作(zuo)用：1.减少长鞭效(xiao)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)影(ying)响(xiang);2,实(shi)现供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)系统的(de)协调，消除双重边(bian)际效(xiao)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)；3.增强供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)成员的(de)合作(zuo)关(guan)系。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)管理(li)需要进行创新管理(li)，以推(tui)动企业发展(zhan)和(he)提高(gao)竞争(zheng)力。

早期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)观点认为供(gong)(gong)(gong)应链是(shi)指将采购的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原材料(liao)(liao)和收(shou)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零部(bu)件(jian)，通(tong)过生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)转(zhuan)换和销(xiao)售等活动传递到(dao)用户的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)个过程(cheng)。因此，供(gong)(gong)(gong)应链被(bei)(bei)视(shi)为企业(ye)(ye)内部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)个物(wu)流(liu)过程(cheng)，它所涉及的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)是(shi)物(wu)料(liao)(liao)采购、库存、生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)和分销(xiao)诸(zhu)部(bu)门的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)职(zhi)能协调问(wen)题，目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)为了优化(hua)企业(ye)(ye)内部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)业(ye)(ye)务流(liu)程(cheng)、降低(di)物(wu)流(liu)成本，从而提高经(jing)营效率。进(jin)入20世纪90年代，人们对供(gong)(gong)(gong)应链的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)解又(you)发生(sheng)(sheng)了新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)变化(hua)：首先，由于(yu)需求环(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)变化(hua)，原来被(bei)(bei)排(pai)斥在供(gong)(gong)(gong)应链之外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用户、消费者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地位得到(dao)了前所未有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)视(shi)，从而被(bei)(bei)纳入了供(gong)(gong)(gong)应链的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)围(wei)。这样，供(gong)(gong)(gong)应链就不再只是(shi)一(yi)条生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)链了，而是(shi)一(yi)个涵盖了整个产(chan)品(pin)运(yun)动过程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增值链。供(gong)(gong)(gong)应链管(guan)理(li)需要(yao)进(jin)行环(huan)境(jing)管(guan)理(li)，以保(bao)护(hu)环(huan)境(jing)和实现可(ke)持(chi)续发展(zhan)。汕头智能供(gong)(gong)(gong)应链公司流(liu)程(cheng)

供应链管(guan)理需(xu)要考虑供应链灵活性，如快(kuai)速响(xiang)应市场需(xu)求、灵活调整生(sheng)产(chan)计(ji)划(hua)等(deng)，提(ti)高(gao)供应链的灵活性和适应性。广州农产(chan)品供应链模式(shi)有哪些

供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)基本(ben)思(si)想(xiang)：1.“横(heng)向(xiang)一体化(hua)(hua)”的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)思(si)想(xiang)；2.非关(guan)键(jian)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)采取外包方式分散给业(ye)(ye)(ye)务伙(huo)(huo)伴，形成(cheng)(cheng)战(zhan)略(lve)性(xing)合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)伙(huo)(huo)伴关(guan)系(xi)；3.供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)间形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)是(shi)一种合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)性(xing)竞(jing)(jing)争(zheng)；4.以(yi)(yi)顾客满(man)意度作(zuo)(zuo)为(wei)目标的(de)(de)服务化(hua)(hua)管(guan)理(li)；5.供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)追求物流(liu)、信息流(liu)、资(zi)金流(liu)、工作(zuo)(zuo)流(liu)和(he)(he)组织流(liu)的(de)(de)集成(cheng)(cheng)；6.借助信息技术(shu)实现目标管(guan)理(li)是(shi)基础条件；7.更加关(guan)注物流(liu)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)。有(you)(you)效用(yong)(yong)户响(xiang)应(ying)(ying)(ying)：不断降低供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)，通过企(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)间的(de)(de)密切合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)带给用(yong)(yong)户更大(da)的(de)(de)利益和(he)(he)更有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)响(xiang)应(ying)(ying)(ying)。快(kuai)速响(xiang)应(ying)(ying)(ying)：极(ji)大(da)限度地减少从原材料到销售的(de)(de)运(yun)行时(shi)间和(he)(he)库(ku)存数，以(yi)(yi)提高对于(yu)用(yong)(yong)户的(de)(de)快(kuai)速响(xiang)应(ying)(ying)(ying)。延迟技术(shu)：把产(chan)品(pin)定型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)位置与(yu)(yu)时(shi)间尽量靠近用(yong)(yong)户，以(yi)(yi)便顾客化(hua)(hua)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)建模(mo)(mo)(mo)技术(shu)：信息系(xi)统(tong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)、经(jing)济运(yun)行模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)、功(gong)能结(jie)构模(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)间的(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)关(guan)系(xi)研(yan)究；企(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)集成(cheng)(cheng)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式是(shi)战(zhan)略(lve)伙(huo)(huo)伴关(guan)系(xi)，五个评价指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)标是(shi)柔性(xing)、集成(cheng)(cheng)、协(xie)调、简洁、稳定。柔性(xing)和(he)(he)柔性(xing)度量的(de)(de)三维指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)标：范围(wei)、费(fei)用(yong)(yong)、时(shi)间。供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)绩效评价：资(zi)源(yuan)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)标（成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)、资(zi)源(yuan)回(hui)收）、输出(chu)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)标（产(chan)出(chu)与(yu)(yu)用(yong)(yong)户服务）、柔性(xing)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)标（供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)对变化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)响(xiang)应(ying)(ying)(ying)性(xing)）。供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)运(yun)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)协(xie)调与(yu)(yu)协(xie)同合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)：关(guan)键(jian)机制是(shi)竞(jing)(jing)争(zheng)-合(he)(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)-协(xie)调（成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)与(yu)(yu)否(fou)的(de)(de)关(guan)键(jian)）。广州农产(chan)品(pin)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式有(you)(you)哪些

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